Constructivism Theory of Learning 

The constructivist school of thought on learning is credited to Jean Piaget (1896–1980).

Constructivism is an educational theory that focuses on learning as an active process of constructing knowledge. This theory is based on the idea that students learn best when they are actively engaged in the learning process. In the classroom, this theory is often used to encourage students to explore their own ideas and develop their own understanding of the material. For example, a teacher may provide students with open-ended questions or activities that allow them to explore the material in their own way. This type of activity encourages students to think critically and develop their own understanding of the material.

Constructivism is an educational theory that proposes that learners actively construct their own knowledge and understanding of the world by interacting with their environment and reflecting on their experiences. In this view, learning is not simply the acquisition of information, but rather an active process of meaning-making that involves personal interpretation and reflection.

According to constructivism, learners have pre-existing mental structures or schemas that they use to interpret and make sense of new information. These mental structures are continually revised and refined as learners encounter new experiences that challenge their existing beliefs and assumptions.

In order to facilitate learning in a constructivist approach, educators use teaching methods that focus on active engagement and reflection. Some of the key teaching methods of constructivism include:

1. Inquiry-based learning: This method involves posing questions or problems to students and challenging them to explore possible solutions. Through this process, students can construct their own knowledge and understanding of the subject matter.

2. Problem-based learning: This method involves presenting students with a complex, real-world problem and challenging them to solve it using their existing knowledge and skills. Students can develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills while constructing new knowledge through this process.

3. Collaborative learning: This method involves working in groups or pairs to share ideas, discuss concepts, and solve problems. Through this process, students can learn from each other and construct knowledge together.

4. Authentic learning: This method involves connecting learning to real-world situations or problems. By engaging with authentic tasks or challenges, students can see the relevance and applicability of what they are learning, and construct knowledge that is meaningful and relevant.

5. Reflection: This method involves encouraging students to reflect on their learning experiences and consider how their existing mental structures have been challenged or revised. Through reflection, students can construct deeper understanding of the subject matter and develop metacognitive skills.

In summary, constructivism is an educational theory that emphasizes the active role of learners in constructing their own knowledge and understanding of the world. To facilitate learning in a constructivist approach, educators use teaching methods that focus on active engagement, collaboration, and reflection.